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Delivery versus payment is the settlement convention that couples an asset transfer to the cash transfer paying for it. Neither leg completes unless both do. Principal risk is the risk that one party delivers and the other does not pay. Delivery versus payment removes this risk.

Why it is easier on one ledger

Traditionally, the asset and the cash sit in different systems, often at different institutions. Coupling them requires a third party to hold one leg while the other completes, or a settlement window in which both are provisional. Where the asset and the cash are recorded on the same digital ledger, both legs can execute in a single transaction. No interval exists in which one has settled and the other has not, so an intermediary has nothing to hold. See Atomic Settlement. The shared ledger makes tokenized deposits and tokenized securities more useful together than either is alone: the cash leg is already there. See Securities and Jack Henry, which supports tokenizing securities held on the general ledger.

What still has to be true

Removing principal risk does not remove the other requirements of securities settlement:
  • The asset’s authoritative register has to reflect the transfer, which for most securities is a custodian or central securities depository rather than the bank’s own core
  • Transfer restrictions have to be enforced at the moment of transfer, not detected afterwards
  • Both legs have to reach finality, and the weaker of the two governs. See Finality
This page is a placeholder. Tokenized securities are not a shipped product today. The settlement mechanics described here follow from the architecture, not from a documented implementation. Contact sales@cosmoslabs.io to discuss a securities use case.